That battle, along with the continued maritime issues, led to the convening of the War Congress in November 1811. The Americans won but suffered heavy losses. The Prophet’s forces attacked the Americans led by Territorial Governor, William Henry Harrison. The British supported the Indian Confederation, led by Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet. On November 7, 1811, Americans defeated the Indian Confederation at the Battle of Tippecanoe in the Indiana Territory. James Madison became President in March 1809. In December 1807, President Thomas Jefferson placed an Embargo against the British. In June 1807, an international incident was caused when the British ship, “Leopard”, fired on the American “Chesapeake”. Secretary of State, James Madison, reported this interference to Congress in January 1806. They would take British citizens off American ships to serve in their navy, but took Americans as well. The British began the policy of Impressment of American sailors into the British Navy in 1803. Some Americans felt they were ready to push their territories to the North and oust the British from Canada. The Americans wanted to remind the British of their hard-won sovereignty. It has been referred to as the “Second War of Independence” from Britain since the combatants were the same. Historians don’t always agree about the winner and loser of the War of 1812.
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